Embedding Neo4j in your Java application

After selecting the appropriate edition for your platform, you can embed Neo4j in your Java application by including the Neo4j library JARs in your build. The following sections show how to do this by either altering the build path directly or by using dependency management.

Adding Neo4j as a dependency

You can either go with the top-level artifact or include the individual components directly. The following examples use the top-level artifact approach.

[enterprise-edition]

The examples are only valid for Neo4j Community Edition. To add Neo4j Enterprise Edition as a dependency, please get in contact with Neo4j Professional Services. See Operations Manual → Introduction for details about the Community and Enterprise Editions.

Maven

Add the dependency to your project along the lines of the snippet below. This is usually done in the pom.xml file found in the root directory of the project.

<project>
...
 <dependencies>
  <dependency>
   <groupId>org.neo4j</groupId>
   <artifactId>neo4j</artifactId>
   <version>5.25.1</version>
  </dependency>
  ...
 </dependencies>
...
</project>

Where the artifactId is found in the Editions table.

Eclipse and Maven

For development in Eclipse, it is recommended to install the m2e plugin and let Maven manage the project build classpath instead. This also adds the possibility to build your project both via the command line with Maven and have a working Eclipse setup for development.

Ivy

Make sure to resolve dependencies from Maven Central. You can use this configuration in your ivysettings.xml file:

<ivysettings>
  <settings defaultResolver="main"/>
  <resolvers>
    <chain name="main">
      <filesystem name="local">
        <artifact pattern="${ivy.settings.dir}/repository/[artifact]-[revision].[ext]" />
      </filesystem>
      <ibiblio name="maven_central" root="http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/" m2compatible="true"/>
    </chain>
  </resolvers>
</ivysettings>

With that in place, add Neo4j by adding the following dependency to your ivy.xml file:

..
<dependencies>
  ..
  <dependency org="org.neo4j" name="neo4j" rev="5.25.1"/>
  ..
</dependencies>
..

The name can be found in the Editions table.

Gradle

An example Gradle build script for including the Neo4j libraries:

def neo4jVersion = "5.25.1"
apply plugin: 'java'
repositories {
   mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
   implementation "org.neo4j:neo4j:${neo4jVersion}"
}

The coordinates (org.neo4j:neo4j in the example) are found in the Editions table.

Starting and stopping

To start the embedded DBMS you instantiate a org.neo4j.dbms.DatabaseManagementService and get the org.neo4j.graphdb.GraphDatabaseService as follows:

managementService = new DatabaseManagementServiceBuilder( databaseDirectory ).build();
graphDb = managementService.database( DEFAULT_DATABASE_NAME );
registerShutdownHook( managementService );

If you are using the Enterprise Edition of Neo4j in embedded mode, you have to create your database with the com.neo4j.dbms.api.EnterpriseDatabaseManagementServiceBuilder to enable the Enterprise Edition features. If you intend to operate embedded clusters, you need to provide the appropriate configuration to the instances you create (for example ports and discovery endpoints). For maintainability purposes, you can define your embedded DBMS configuration in the neo4j.conf file as follows:

server.default_advertised_address=core01.example.com
server.default_listen_address=0.0.0.0
dbms.cluster.discovery.type=LIST
dbms.cluster.discovery.endpoints=core01.example.com,core02.example.com,core03.example.com
server.bolt.enabled=true
server.http.enabled=true

var managementService = new EnterpriseDatabaseManagementServiceBuilder( homeDirectory )
    .loadPropertiesFromFile( Path.of( "/path/to/neo4j.conf" ) )
    .build();

It is also possible to use the builder and specify all the parameters programmatically:

var defaultAdvertised = new SocketAddress( "core01.example.com" );
var defaultListen = new SocketAddress( "0.0.0.0" );

var initialMembers = List.of(
    new SocketAddress( "core01.example.com" ),
    new SocketAddress( "core02.example.com" ),
    new SocketAddress( "core03.example.com" )
);

var managementService = new EnterpriseDatabaseManagementServiceBuilder( homeDirectory )
    .setConfig( GraphDatabaseSettings.default_advertised_address, defaultAdvertised )
    .setConfig( GraphDatabaseSettings.default_listen_address, defaultListen )
    .setConfig( ClusterSettings.discovery_type, DiscoveryType.LIST )
    .setConfig( ClusterSettings.discovery_endpoints, initialMembers )
    .setConfig( EnterpriseEditionSettings.initial_default_primaries_count, 3 )
    .setConfig( BoltConnector.enabled, true )
    .setConfig( HttpConnector.enabled, true )
    .build();

It is important to carefully consider which services you want to enable, and on which ports and interfaces. If you do not require Bolt or HTTP, then it is better to leave those disabled.

The DatabaseManagementService and GraphDatabaseService instances can be shared among multiple threads. Note, however, that you cannot create multiple services pointing to the same database.

To stop the database, call the shutdown() method:

managementService.shutdown();

To make sure Neo4j is shut down properly, add a shutdown hook:

private static void registerShutdownHook( final DatabaseManagementService managementService )
{
    // Registers a shutdown hook for the Neo4j instance so that it
    // shuts down nicely when the VM exits (even if you "Ctrl-C" the
    // running application).
    Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook( new Thread()
    {
        @Override
        public void run()
        {
            managementService.shutdown();
        }
    } );
}

Starting an embedded database with configuration settings

To start Neo4j with configuration settings, a Neo4j properties file can be loaded as follows:

DatabaseManagementService managementService = new DatabaseManagementServiceBuilder( directory )
    .loadPropertiesFromFile( Path.of( pathToConfig + "neo4j.conf" ) ).build();
GraphDatabaseService graphDb = managementService.database( DEFAULT_DATABASE_NAME );

Configuration settings can also be applied programmatically, as follows:

DatabaseManagementService managementService = new DatabaseManagementServiceBuilder( directory )
    .setConfig( GraphDatabaseSettings.pagecache_memory, ByteUnit.mebiBytes( 512 ) )
    .setConfig( GraphDatabaseSettings.transaction_timeout, Duration.ofSeconds( 60 ) )
    .setConfig( GraphDatabaseSettings.preallocate_logical_logs, true ).build();
GraphDatabaseService graphDb = managementService.database( DEFAULT_DATABASE_NAME );

Starting an embedded read-only instance

If you want a read-only view of the database, create an instance with the read_only_database_default configuration setting set to true:

managementService = new DatabaseManagementServiceBuilder( dir ).setConfig( GraphDatabaseSettings.read_only_database_default, true ).build();
graphDb = managementService.database( DEFAULT_DATABASE_NAME );

The database has to already exist in this case.

Concurrent access to the same database files by multiple (read-only or write) instances is not supported.

Adding Neo4j to the build path

Get the Neo4j libraries from one of these sources:

Extract a Neo4j zip/tarball, and use the JAR files found in the lib/ directory.
Use the JAR files available from Maven Central Repository.

Add the JAR files to your project:

JDK tools

Append to -classpath

Eclipse

Right-click on the project and then go to Build Path → Configure Build Path. In the dialog, select Add External JARs, browse the Neo4j lib/ directory, and select all the JAR files.
Another option is to use User Libraries.

IntelliJ IDEA

See Libraries, Global Libraries, and the Configure Library dialog.

NetBeans

Right-click on the Libraries node of the project, select Add JAR/Folder, browse the Neo4j lib/ directory and select all the JAR files.
You can also handle libraries from the project node, see Managing a Project’s Classpath.

Editions

The following table outlines the available editions and their names for use with dependency management tools.

Follow the links in the table for details on dependency configuration with Apache Maven, Apache Buildr, Apache Ivy, Groovy Grape, Grails, and Scala SBT.

Table 1. Neo4j editions
Neo4j Edition	Dependency	Description
Community	org.neo4j:neo4j	A high-performance, fully ACID transactional graph database.
Enterprise	org.neo4j:neo4j-enterprise	Adding advanced monitoring, online backup, and clustering.

Note that the listed dependencies do not contain the implementation, but pull it transitively.

For information regarding licensing, see the Licensing Guide.

Javadocs can be downloaded in JAR files from Maven Central or read in Neo4j Javadocs.