Functions

This section contains a summary of all functions in Cypher^®.

To list all functions, run the following query:

List all functions

SHOW FUNCTIONS

For more information about this command, see SHOW FUNCTIONS.

Functions taking a STRING as input all operate on Unicode characters rather than on a standard char[]. For example, the size() function applied to any Unicode character will return 1, even if the character does not fit in the 16 bits of one char.

Aggregating functions

These functions take multiple values as arguments, and calculate and return an aggregated value from them.

Function Signature Description

Function	Signature	Description
`avg()`	`avg(input :: INTEGER \| FLOAT \| DURATION) :: INTEGER \| FLOAT \| DURATION`	Returns the average of a set of `INTEGER`, `FLOAT`, or `DURATION` values.
`collect()`	`collect(input :: ANY) :: LIST<ANY>`	Returns a list containing the values returned by an expression.
`count()`	`count(input :: ANY) :: INTEGER`	Returns the number of values or rows.
`max()`	`max(input :: ANY) :: ANY`	Returns the maximum value in a set of values.
`min()`	`min(input :: ANY) :: ANY`	Returns the minimum value in a set of values.
`percentileCont()`	`percentileCont(input :: FLOAT, percentile :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT`	Returns the percentile of a value over a group using linear interpolation.
`percentileDisc()`	`percentileDisc(input :: INTEGER \| FLOAT, percentile :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT`	Returns the nearest `INTEGER` or `FLOAT` value to the given percentile over a group using a rounding method.
`stDev()`	`stDev(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT`	Returns the standard deviation for the given value over a group for a sample of a population.
`stDevP()`	`stDevP(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT`	Returns the standard deviation for the given value over a group for an entire population.
`sum()`	`sum(input :: INTEGER \| FLOAT \| DURATION) :: INTEGER \| FLOAT \| DURATION`	Returns the sum of a set of `INTEGER`, `FLOAT`, or `DURATION` values.

avg()

avg(input :: INTEGER | FLOAT | DURATION) :: INTEGER | FLOAT | DURATION

Returns the average of a set of INTEGER, FLOAT, or DURATION values.

collect()

collect(input :: ANY) :: LIST<ANY>

Returns a list containing the values returned by an expression.

count()

count(input :: ANY) :: INTEGER

Returns the number of values or rows.

max()

max(input :: ANY) :: ANY

Returns the maximum value in a set of values.

min()

min(input :: ANY) :: ANY

Returns the minimum value in a set of values.

percentileCont()

percentileCont(input :: FLOAT, percentile :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT

Returns the percentile of a value over a group using linear interpolation.

percentileDisc()

percentileDisc(input :: INTEGER | FLOAT, percentile :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT

Returns the nearest INTEGER or FLOAT value to the given percentile over a group using a rounding method.

stDev()

stDev(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT

Returns the standard deviation for the given value over a group for a sample of a population.

stDevP()

stDevP(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT

Returns the standard deviation for the given value over a group for an entire population.

sum()

sum(input :: INTEGER | FLOAT | DURATION) :: INTEGER | FLOAT | DURATION

Returns the sum of a set of INTEGER, FLOAT, or DURATION values.

Database functions

Database functions provide information about databases.

Function Signature Description

Function	Signature	Description
`db.nameFromElementId()`	`db.nameFromElementId(elementId :: STRING) :: STRING`	Resolves the database name from the given element id.

db.nameFromElementId()

db.nameFromElementId(elementId :: STRING) :: STRING

Resolves the database name from the given element id.

GenAI functions

Function Signature Description

Function	Signature	Description
`genai.vector.encode()`	`genai.vector.encode(resource :: STRING, provider :: STRING, configuration :: MAP = {}) :: LIST<FLOAT>`	Encode a given resource as a vector using the named provider.

genai.vector.encode()

genai.vector.encode(resource :: STRING, provider :: STRING, configuration :: MAP = {}) :: LIST<FLOAT>

Encode a given resource as a vector using the named provider.

Graph functions

Graph functions provide information about the constituent graphs in composite databases.

Function Signature Description

Function	Signature	Description
`graph.byElementId()`	`USE graph.byElementId(elementId :: STRING)`	Resolves the constituent graph to which a given element id belongs. Introduced in 5.13
`graph.byName()`	`USE graph.byName(name :: STRING)`	Resolves a constituent graph by name.
`graph.names()`	`graph.names() :: LIST<STRING>`	Returns a list containing the names of all graphs in the current composite database.
`graph.propertiesByName()`	`graph.propertiesByName(name :: STRING) :: MAP`	Returns a map containing the properties associated with the given graph.

graph.byElementId()

USE graph.byElementId(elementId :: STRING)

Resolves the constituent graph to which a given element id belongs. Introduced in 5.13

graph.byName()

USE graph.byName(name :: STRING)

Resolves a constituent graph by name.

graph.names()

graph.names() :: LIST<STRING>

Returns a list containing the names of all graphs in the current composite database.

graph.propertiesByName()

graph.propertiesByName(name :: STRING) :: MAP

Returns a map containing the properties associated with the given graph.

List functions

These functions return lists of other values. Further details and examples of lists may be found in Lists.

Function Signature Description

Function	Signature	Description
`keys()`	`keys(input :: NODE \| RELATIONSHIP \| MAP) :: LIST<STRING>`	Returns a `LIST<STRING>` containing the `STRING` representations for all the property names of a `MAP`, `NODE`, or `RELATIONSHIP`.
`labels()`	`labels(input :: NODE) :: LIST<STRING>`	Returns a `LIST<STRING>` containing the `STRING` representations for all the labels of a `NODE`.
`nodes()`	`nodes(input :: PATH) :: LIST<NODE>`	Returns a `LIST<NODE>` containing all the `NODE` values in a `PATH`.
`range()`	`range(start :: INTEGER, end :: INTEGER [, step :: INTEGER]) :: LIST<INTEGER>`	Returns a `LIST<INTEGER>` comprising all `INTEGER` values within a specified range, optionally specifying a step length.
`reduce()`	`reduce(accumulator :: VARIABLE = initial :: ANY, variable :: VARIABLE IN list :: LIST<ANY> expression :: ANY) :: ANY`	Runs an expression against individual elements of a `LIST<ANY>`, storing the result of the expression in an accumulator.
`relationships()`	`relationships(input :: PATH) :: LIST<RELATIONSHIP>`	Returns a `LIST<RELATIONSHIP>` containing all the `RELATIONSHIP` values in a `PATH`.
`reverse()`	`reverse(input :: LIST<ANY>) :: LIST<ANY>`	Returns a `LIST<ANY>` in which the order of all elements in the given `LIST<ANY>` have been reversed.
`tail()`	`tail(input :: LIST<ANY>) :: LIST<ANY>`	Returns all but the first element in a `LIST<ANY>`.
`toBooleanList()`	`toBooleanList(input :: LIST<ANY>) :: LIST<BOOLEAN>`	Converts a `LIST<ANY>` of values to a `LIST<BOOLEAN>` values. If any values are not convertible to `BOOLEAN` they will be null in the `LIST<BOOLEAN>` returned.
`toFloatList()`	`toFloatList(input :: LIST<ANY>) :: LIST<FLOAT>`	Converts a `LIST<ANY>` to a `LIST<FLOAT>` values. If any values are not convertible to `FLOAT` they will be null in the `LIST<FLOAT>` returned.
`toIntegerList()`	`toIntegerList(input :: LIST<ANY>) :: LIST<INTEGER>`	Converts a `LIST<ANY>` to a `LIST<INTEGER>` values. If any values are not convertible to `INTEGER` they will be null in the `LIST<INTEGER>` returned.
`toStringList()`	`toStringList(input :: LIST<ANY>) :: LIST<STRING>`	Converts a `LIST<ANY>` to a `LIST<STRING>` values. If any values are not convertible to `STRING` they will be null in the `LIST<STRING>` returned.

keys()

keys(input :: NODE | RELATIONSHIP | MAP) :: LIST<STRING>

Returns a LIST<STRING> containing the STRING representations for all the property names of a MAP, NODE, or RELATIONSHIP.

labels()

labels(input :: NODE) :: LIST<STRING>

Returns a LIST<STRING> containing the STRING representations for all the labels of a NODE.

nodes()

nodes(input :: PATH) :: LIST<NODE>

Returns a LIST<NODE> containing all the NODE values in a PATH.

range()

range(start :: INTEGER, end :: INTEGER [, step :: INTEGER]) :: LIST<INTEGER>

Returns a LIST<INTEGER> comprising all INTEGER values within a specified range, optionally specifying a step length.

reduce()

reduce(accumulator :: VARIABLE = initial :: ANY, variable :: VARIABLE IN list :: LIST<ANY> expression :: ANY) :: ANY

Runs an expression against individual elements of a LIST<ANY>, storing the result of the expression in an accumulator.

relationships()

relationships(input :: PATH) :: LIST<RELATIONSHIP>

Returns a LIST<RELATIONSHIP> containing all the RELATIONSHIP values in a PATH.

reverse()

reverse(input :: LIST<ANY>) :: LIST<ANY>

Returns a LIST<ANY> in which the order of all elements in the given LIST<ANY> have been reversed.

tail()

tail(input :: LIST<ANY>) :: LIST<ANY>

Returns all but the first element in a LIST<ANY>.

toBooleanList()

toBooleanList(input :: LIST<ANY>) :: LIST<BOOLEAN>

Converts a LIST<ANY> of values to a LIST<BOOLEAN> values. If any values are not convertible to BOOLEAN they will be null in the LIST<BOOLEAN> returned.

toFloatList()

toFloatList(input :: LIST<ANY>) :: LIST<FLOAT>

Converts a LIST<ANY> to a LIST<FLOAT> values. If any values are not convertible to FLOAT they will be null in the LIST<FLOAT> returned.

toIntegerList()

toIntegerList(input :: LIST<ANY>) :: LIST<INTEGER>

Converts a LIST<ANY> to a LIST<INTEGER> values. If any values are not convertible to INTEGER they will be null in the LIST<INTEGER> returned.

toStringList()

toStringList(input :: LIST<ANY>) :: LIST<STRING>

Converts a LIST<ANY> to a LIST<STRING> values. If any values are not convertible to STRING they will be null in the LIST<STRING> returned.

LOAD CSV functions

LOAD CSV functions can be used to get information about the file that is processed by LOAD CSV.

Function Signature Description

Function	Signature	Description
`file()`	`file() :: STRING`	Returns the absolute path of the file that LOAD CSV is using.
`linenumber()`	`linenumber() :: INTEGER`	Returns the line number that LOAD CSV is currently using.

file()

file() :: STRING

Returns the absolute path of the file that LOAD CSV is using.

linenumber()

linenumber() :: INTEGER

Returns the line number that LOAD CSV is currently using.

Logarithmic functions

These functions all operate on numerical expressions only, and will return an error if used on any other values.

Function Signature Description

Function	Signature	Description
`e()`	`e() :: FLOAT`	Returns the base of the natural logarithm, e.
`exp()`	`exp(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT`	Returns eⁿ, where e is the base of the natural logarithm, and n is the value of the argument expression.
`log()`	`log(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT`	Returns the natural logarithm of a `FLOAT`.
`log10()`	`log10(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT`	Returns the common logarithm (base 10) of a `FLOAT`.
`sqrt()`	`sqrt(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT`	Returns the square root of a `FLOAT`.

e()

e() :: FLOAT

Returns the base of the natural logarithm, e.

exp()

exp(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT

Returns eⁿ, where e is the base of the natural logarithm, and n is the value of the argument expression.

log()

log(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT

Returns the natural logarithm of a FLOAT.

log10()

log10(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT

Returns the common logarithm (base 10) of a FLOAT.

sqrt()

sqrt(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT

Returns the square root of a FLOAT.

Numeric functions

These functions all operate on numerical expressions only, and will return an error if used on any other values.

Function Signature Description

Function	Signature	Description
`abs()`	`abs(input :: INTEGER \| FLOAT) :: INTEGER \| FLOAT`	Returns the absolute value of an `INTEGER` or `FLOAT`.
`ceil()`	`ceil(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT`	Returns the smallest `FLOAT` that is greater than or equal to a number and equal to an `INTEGER`.
`floor()`	`floor(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT`	Returns the largest `FLOAT` that is less than or equal to a number and equal to an `INTEGER`.
`isNaN()`	`isNaN(input :: INTEGER \| FLOAT) :: BOOLEAN`	Returns `true` if the floating point number is `NaN`.
`rand()`	`rand() :: FLOAT`	Returns a random `FLOAT` in the range from 0 (inclusive) to 1 (exclusive).
`round()`	`round(input :: FLOAT [, precision :: INTEGER \| FLOAT, mode :: STRING]) :: FLOAT`	Returns the value of a number rounded to the nearest `INTEGER`, optionally using a specified precision and rounding mode.
`sign()`	`sign(input :: INTEGER \| FLOAT) :: INTEGER`	Returns the signum of an `INTEGER` or `FLOAT`: 0 if the number is 0, -1 for any negative number, and 1 for any positive number.

abs()

abs(input :: INTEGER | FLOAT) :: INTEGER | FLOAT

Returns the absolute value of an INTEGER or FLOAT.

ceil()

ceil(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT

Returns the smallest FLOAT that is greater than or equal to a number and equal to an INTEGER.

floor()

floor(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT

Returns the largest FLOAT that is less than or equal to a number and equal to an INTEGER.

isNaN()

isNaN(input :: INTEGER | FLOAT) :: BOOLEAN

Returns true if the floating point number is NaN.

rand()

rand() :: FLOAT

Returns a random FLOAT in the range from 0 (inclusive) to 1 (exclusive).

round()

round(input :: FLOAT [, precision :: INTEGER | FLOAT, mode :: STRING]) :: FLOAT

Returns the value of a number rounded to the nearest INTEGER, optionally using a specified precision and rounding mode.

sign()

sign(input :: INTEGER | FLOAT) :: INTEGER

Returns the signum of an INTEGER or FLOAT: 0 if the number is 0, -1 for any negative number, and 1 for any positive number.

Trigonometric functions

These functions all operate on numerical expressions only, and will return an error if used on any other values.

All trigonometric functions operate on radians, unless otherwise specified.

Function Signature Description

Function	Signature	Description
`acos()`	`acos(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT`	Returns the arccosine of a `FLOAT` in radians.
`asin()`	`asin(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT`	Returns the arcsine of a `FLOAT` in radians.
`atan()`	`atan(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT`	Returns the arctangent of a `FLOAT` in radians.
`atan2()`	`atan2(y :: FLOAT, x :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT`	Returns the arctangent2 of a set of coordinates in radians.
`cos()`	`cos(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT`	Returns the cosine of a `FLOAT`.
`cot()`	`cot(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT`	Returns the cotangent of a `FLOAT`.
`degrees()`	`degrees(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT`	Converts radians to degrees.
`haversin()`	`haversin(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT`	Returns half the versine of a number.
`pi()`	`pi() :: FLOAT`	Returns the mathematical constant pi.
`radians()`	`radians(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT`	Converts degrees to radians.
`sin()`	`sin(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT`	Returns the sine of a `FLOAT`.
`tan()`	`tan(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT`	Returns the tangent of a `FLOAT`.

acos()

acos(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT

Returns the arccosine of a FLOAT in radians.

asin()

asin(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT

Returns the arcsine of a FLOAT in radians.

atan()

atan(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT

Returns the arctangent of a FLOAT in radians.

atan2()

atan2(y :: FLOAT, x :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT

Returns the arctangent2 of a set of coordinates in radians.

cos()

cos(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT

Returns the cosine of a FLOAT.

cot()

cot(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT

Returns the cotangent of a FLOAT.

degrees()

degrees(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT

Converts radians to degrees.

haversin()

haversin(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT

Returns half the versine of a number.

pi()

pi() :: FLOAT

Returns the mathematical constant pi.

radians()

radians(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT

Converts degrees to radians.

sin()

sin(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT

Returns the sine of a FLOAT.

tan()

tan(input :: FLOAT) :: FLOAT

Returns the tangent of a FLOAT.

Predicate functions

These functions return either true or false for the given arguments.

Function Signature Description

Function	Signature	Description
`all()`	`all(variable :: ANY, list :: LIST<ANY>, predicate :: ANY) :: BOOLEAN`	Returns true if the predicate holds for all elements in the given `LIST<ANY>`.
`any()`	`any(variable :: ANY, list :: LIST<ANY>, predicate :: ANY) :: BOOLEAN`	Returns true if the predicate holds for at least one element in the given `LIST<ANY>`.
`exists()`	`exists(input :: ANY) :: BOOLEAN`	Returns `true` if a match for the pattern exists in the graph.
`isEmpty()`	`isEmpty(input :: LIST<ANY> \| MAP \| STRING ) :: BOOLEAN`	Checks whether the given `LIST<ANY>`, `MAP`, or `STRING` is empty.
`none()`	`none(variable :: ANY, list :: LIST<ANY>, predicate :: ANY) :: BOOLEAN`	Returns true if the predicate holds for no element in the given `LIST<ANY>`.
`single()`	`single(variable :: ANY, list :: LIST<ANY>, predicate :: ANY) :: BOOLEAN`	Returns true if the predicate holds for exactly one of the elements in the given `LIST<ANY>`.

all()

all(variable :: ANY, list :: LIST<ANY>, predicate :: ANY) :: BOOLEAN

Returns true if the predicate holds for all elements in the given LIST<ANY>.

any()

any(variable :: ANY, list :: LIST<ANY>, predicate :: ANY) :: BOOLEAN

Returns true if the predicate holds for at least one element in the given LIST<ANY>.

exists()

exists(input :: ANY) :: BOOLEAN

Returns true if a match for the pattern exists in the graph.

isEmpty()

isEmpty(input :: LIST<ANY> | MAP | STRING ) :: BOOLEAN

Checks whether the given LIST<ANY>, MAP, or STRING is empty.

none()

none(variable :: ANY, list :: LIST<ANY>, predicate :: ANY) :: BOOLEAN

Returns true if the predicate holds for no element in the given LIST<ANY>.

single()

single(variable :: ANY, list :: LIST<ANY>, predicate :: ANY) :: BOOLEAN

Returns true if the predicate holds for exactly one of the elements in the given LIST<ANY>.

Scalar functions

These functions return a single value.

Function Signature Description

Function	Signature	Description
`char_length()`	`char_length(input :: STRING) :: INTEGER`	Returns the number of Unicode characters in a `STRING`. Introduced in 5.13
`character_length()`	`character_length(input :: STRING) :: INTEGER`	Returns the number of Unicode characters in a `STRING`. Introduced in 5.13
`coalesce()`	`coalesce(input :: ANY) :: ANY`	Returns the first non-null value in a list of expressions.
`elementId()`	`elementId(input :: NODE \| RELATIONSHIP) :: STRING`	Returns a node or relationship identifier, unique within a specific transaction and DBMS.
`endNode()`	`endNode(input :: RELATIONSHIP) :: NODE`	Returns the end `NODE` of a `RELATIONSHIP`.
`head()`	`head(list :: LIST<ANY>) :: ANY`	Returns the first element in a `LIST<ANY>`.
`id()`	`id(input :: NODE \| RELATIONSHIP) :: INTEGER`	Deprecated Returns the id of a `NODE` or a `RELATIONSHIP`. Replaced by `elementId()`.
`last()`	`last(list :: LIST<ANY>) :: ANY`	Returns the last element in a `LIST<ANY>`.
`length()`	`length(input :: PATH) :: INTEGER`	Returns the length of a `PATH`.
`nullIf()`	`nullIf(v1 :: ANY, v2 :: ANY) :: ANY`	Returns `null` if the two given parameters are equivalent, otherwise returns the value of the first parameter.
`properties()`	`properties(input :: NODE \| RELATIONSHIP \| MAP) :: MAP`	Returns a `MAP` containing all the properties of a `NODE` or `RELATIONSHIP`.
`randomUUID()`	`randomUUID() :: STRING`	Generates a random UUID.
`size()`	`size(input STRING \| LIST<ANY>) :: INTEGER`	Returns the number of items in a `LIST<ANY>` or the number of Unicode characters in a `STRING`.
`startNode()`	`startNode(input :: RELATIONSHIP) :: NODE`	Returns the start `NODE` of a `RELATIONSHIP`.
`toBoolean()`	`toBoolean(input :: BOOLEAN \| STRING \| INTEGER) :: BOOLEAN`	Converts a `BOOLEAN`, `STRING`, or an `INTEGER` value to a `BOOLEAN` value.
`toBooleanOrNull()`	`toBooleanOrNull(input :: ANY) :: BOOLEAN`	Converts a value to a `BOOLEAN` value, or null if the value cannot be converted.
`toFloat()`	`toFloat(input :: STRING \| INTEGER \| FLOAT) :: FLOAT`	Converts a `STRING` or `INTEGER` value to a `FLOAT` value.
`toFloatOrNull()`	`toFloatOrNull(input :: ANY) :: FLOAT`	Converts a value to a `FLOAT` value, or null if the value cannot be converted.
`toInteger()`	`toInteger(input :: BOOLEAN \| STRING \| INTEGER \| FLOAT) :: INTEGER`	Converts a BOOLEAN, `STRING, or `FLOAT` value to an `INTEGER` value.
`toIntegerOrNull()`	`toIntegerOrNull(input :: ANY) :: INTEGER`	Converts a value to an `INTEGER` value, or null if the value cannot be converted.
`type()`	`type(input :: RELATIONSHIP) :: STRING`	Returns a `STRING` representation of the `RELATIONSHIP` type.
`valueType()`	`valueType(input :: ANY) :: STRING`	Returns a `STRING` representation of the most precise value type that the given expression evaluates to.

char_length()

char_length(input :: STRING) :: INTEGER

Returns the number of Unicode characters in a STRING. Introduced in 5.13

character_length()

character_length(input :: STRING) :: INTEGER

Returns the number of Unicode characters in a STRING. Introduced in 5.13

coalesce()

coalesce(input :: ANY) :: ANY

Returns the first non-null value in a list of expressions.

elementId()

elementId(input :: NODE | RELATIONSHIP) :: STRING

Returns a node or relationship identifier, unique within a specific transaction and DBMS.

endNode()

endNode(input :: RELATIONSHIP) :: NODE

Returns the end NODE of a RELATIONSHIP.

head()

head(list :: LIST<ANY>) :: ANY

Returns the first element in a LIST<ANY>.

id()

id(input :: NODE | RELATIONSHIP) :: INTEGER

Deprecated Returns the id of a NODE or a RELATIONSHIP. Replaced by elementId().

last()

last(list :: LIST<ANY>) :: ANY

Returns the last element in a LIST<ANY>.

length()

length(input :: PATH) :: INTEGER

Returns the length of a PATH.

nullIf()

nullIf(v1 :: ANY, v2 :: ANY) :: ANY

Returns null if the two given parameters are equivalent, otherwise returns the value of the first parameter.

properties()

properties(input :: NODE | RELATIONSHIP | MAP) :: MAP

Returns a MAP containing all the properties of a NODE or RELATIONSHIP.

randomUUID()

randomUUID() :: STRING

Generates a random UUID.

size()

size(input STRING | LIST<ANY>) :: INTEGER

Returns the number of items in a LIST<ANY> or the number of Unicode characters in a STRING.

startNode()

startNode(input :: RELATIONSHIP) :: NODE

Returns the start NODE of a RELATIONSHIP.

toBoolean()

toBoolean(input :: BOOLEAN | STRING | INTEGER) :: BOOLEAN

Converts a BOOLEAN, STRING, or an INTEGER value to a BOOLEAN value.

toBooleanOrNull()

toBooleanOrNull(input :: ANY) :: BOOLEAN

Converts a value to a BOOLEAN value, or null if the value cannot be converted.

toFloat()

toFloat(input :: STRING | INTEGER | FLOAT) :: FLOAT

Converts a STRING or INTEGER value to a FLOAT value.

toFloatOrNull()

toFloatOrNull(input :: ANY) :: FLOAT

Converts a value to a FLOAT value, or null if the value cannot be converted.

toInteger()

toInteger(input :: BOOLEAN | STRING | INTEGER | FLOAT) :: INTEGER

Converts a BOOLEAN, `STRING, or FLOAT value to an INTEGER value.

toIntegerOrNull()

toIntegerOrNull(input :: ANY) :: INTEGER

Converts a value to an INTEGER value, or null if the value cannot be converted.

type()

type(input :: RELATIONSHIP) :: STRING

Returns a STRING representation of the RELATIONSHIP type.

valueType()

valueType(input :: ANY) :: STRING

Returns a STRING representation of the most precise value type that the given expression evaluates to.

String functions

These functions are used to manipulate STRING values or to create a STRING representation of another value.

Function Signature Description

Function	Signature	Description
`btrim()`	`btrim(original :: STRING [, trimCharacterString :: STRING ]) :: STRING`	Returns the given `STRING` with leading and trailing whitespace removed, optionally specifying a `trimCharacterString` value to remove. Introduced in 5.20
`left()`	`left(original :: STRING, length :: INTEGER) :: STRING`	Returns a `STRING` containing the specified number (`INTEGER`) of leftmost characters in the given `STRING`.
`lower()`	`lower(input :: STRING) :: STRING`	Returns the given `STRING` in lowercase. This function is an alias to the `toLower()` function, and it was introduced as part of Cypher’s GQL conformance. Introduced in 5.21
`ltrim()`	`ltrim(input :: STRING [, trimCharacterString :: STRING]) :: STRING`	Returns the given `STRING` with leading whitespace removed, optionally specifying a `trimCharacterString` to remove.
`normalize()`	`normalize(input :: STRING [,normalForm = NFC :: [NFC, NFD, NFKC, NFKD]]) :: STRING`	Normalizes a `STRING`, optionally specifying a normalization form. Introduced in 5.17
`replace()`	`replace(original :: STRING, search :: STRING, replace :: STRING) :: STRING`	Returns a `STRING` in which all occurrences of a specified search `STRING` in the given `STRING` have been replaced by another (specified) replacement `STRING`.
`reverse()`	`reverse(input :: STRING) :: STRING`	Returns a `STRING` in which the order of all characters in the given `STRING` have been reversed.
`right()`	`right(original :: STRING, length :: INTEGER) :: STRING`	Returns a `STRING` containing the specified number of rightmost characters in the given `STRING`.
`rtrim()`	`rtrim(input :: STRING [, trimCharacterString :: STRING]) :: STRING`	Returns the given `STRING` with trailing whitespace removed, optionally specifying a `trimCharacterString` of characters to remove.
`split()`	`split(original :: STRING, splitDelimiters :: LIST<STRING>) :: LIST<STRING>`	Returns a `LIST<STRING>` resulting from the splitting of the given `STRING` around matches of any of the given delimiters.
`substring()`	`substring(original :: STRING, start :: INTEGER length :: INTEGER) :: STRING`	Returns a substring of a given `length` from the given `STRING`, beginning with a 0-based index start.
`toLower()`	`toLower(input :: STRING) :: STRING`	Returns the given `STRING` in lowercase.
`toString()`	`toString(input :: ANY) :: STRING`	Converts an `INTEGER`, `FLOAT`, `BOOLEAN`, `POINT` or temporal type (i.e. `DATE`, `ZONED TIME`, `LOCAL TIME`, `ZONED DATETIME`, `LOCAL DATETIME` or `DURATION`) value to a `STRING`.
`toStringOrNull()`	`toStringOrNull(input :: ANY) :: STRING`	Converts an `INTEGER`, `FLOAT`, `BOOLEAN`, `POINT` or temporal type (i.e. `DATE`, `ZONED TIME`, `LOCAL TIME`, `ZONED DATETIME`, `LOCAL DATETIME` or `DURATION`) value to a `STRING`, or null if the value cannot be converted.
`toUpper()`	`toUpper(input :: STRING) :: STRING`	Returns the given `STRING` in uppercase.
`trim()`	`trim(trimCharacterString :: STRING, trimSpecification :: STRING, input :: STRING) :: STRING`	Returns the given `STRING` with the leading and/or trailing `trimCharacterString` character removed.
`upper()`	`upper(input :: STRING) :: STRING`	Returns the given `STRING` in uppercase. This function is an alias to the `toUpper()` function, and it was introduced as part of Cypher’s GQL conformance. Introduced in 5.21

btrim()

btrim(original :: STRING [, trimCharacterString :: STRING ]) :: STRING

Returns the given STRING with leading and trailing whitespace removed, optionally specifying a trimCharacterString value to remove. Introduced in 5.20

left()

left(original :: STRING, length :: INTEGER) :: STRING

Returns a STRING containing the specified number (INTEGER) of leftmost characters in the given STRING.

lower()

lower(input :: STRING) :: STRING

Returns the given STRING in lowercase. This function is an alias to the toLower() function, and it was introduced as part of Cypher’s GQL conformance. Introduced in 5.21

ltrim()

ltrim(input :: STRING [, trimCharacterString :: STRING]) :: STRING

Returns the given STRING with leading whitespace removed, optionally specifying a trimCharacterString to remove.

normalize()

normalize(input :: STRING [,normalForm = NFC :: [NFC, NFD, NFKC, NFKD]]) :: STRING

Normalizes a STRING, optionally specifying a normalization form. Introduced in 5.17

replace()

replace(original :: STRING, search :: STRING, replace :: STRING) :: STRING

Returns a STRING in which all occurrences of a specified search STRING in the given STRING have been replaced by another (specified) replacement STRING.

reverse()

reverse(input :: STRING) :: STRING

Returns a STRING in which the order of all characters in the given STRING have been reversed.

right()

right(original :: STRING, length :: INTEGER) :: STRING

Returns a STRING containing the specified number of rightmost characters in the given STRING.

rtrim()

rtrim(input :: STRING [, trimCharacterString :: STRING]) :: STRING

Returns the given STRING with trailing whitespace removed, optionally specifying a trimCharacterString of characters to remove.

split()

split(original :: STRING, splitDelimiters :: LIST<STRING>) :: LIST<STRING>

Returns a LIST<STRING> resulting from the splitting of the given STRING around matches of any of the given delimiters.

substring()

substring(original :: STRING, start :: INTEGER length :: INTEGER) :: STRING

Returns a substring of a given length from the given STRING, beginning with a 0-based index start.

toLower()

toLower(input :: STRING) :: STRING

Returns the given STRING in lowercase.

toString()

toString(input :: ANY) :: STRING

Converts an INTEGER, FLOAT, BOOLEAN, POINT or temporal type (i.e. DATE, ZONED TIME, LOCAL TIME, ZONED DATETIME, LOCAL DATETIME or DURATION) value to a STRING.

toStringOrNull()

toStringOrNull(input :: ANY) :: STRING

Converts an INTEGER, FLOAT, BOOLEAN, POINT or temporal type (i.e. DATE, ZONED TIME, LOCAL TIME, ZONED DATETIME, LOCAL DATETIME or DURATION) value to a STRING, or null if the value cannot be converted.

toUpper()

toUpper(input :: STRING) :: STRING

Returns the given STRING in uppercase.

trim()

trim(trimCharacterString :: STRING, trimSpecification :: STRING, input :: STRING) :: STRING

Returns the given STRING with the leading and/or trailing trimCharacterString character removed.

upper()

upper(input :: STRING) :: STRING

Returns the given STRING in uppercase. This function is an alias to the toUpper() function, and it was introduced as part of Cypher’s GQL conformance. Introduced in 5.21

Spatial functions

These functions are used to specify 2D or 3D points in a geographic or cartesian Coordinate Reference System and to calculate the geodesic distance between two points.

Function Signature Description

Function	Signature	Description
`point()`	`point(input :: MAP) :: POINT`	Returns a 2D or 3D point object, given two or respectively three coordinate values in the Cartesian coordinate system or WGS 84 geographic coordinate system.
`point.distance()`	`point.distance(from :: POINT, to :: POINT) :: FLOAT`	Returns a `FLOAT` representing the distance between any two points in the same CRS. If the points are in the WGS 84 CRS, the function returns the geodesic distance (i.e., the shortest path along the curved surface of the Earth). If the points are in a Cartesian CRS, the function returns the Euclidean distance (i.e., the shortest straight-line distance in a flat, planar space).
`point.withinBBox()`	`point.withinBBox(point :: POINT, lowerLeft :: POINT, upperRight :: POINT) :: BOOLEAN`	Returns `true` if the provided point is within the bounding box defined by the two provided points, `lowerLeft` and `upperRight`.

point()

point(input :: MAP) :: POINT

Returns a 2D or 3D point object, given two or respectively three coordinate values in the Cartesian coordinate system or WGS 84 geographic coordinate system.

point.distance()

point.distance(from :: POINT, to :: POINT) :: FLOAT

Returns a FLOAT representing the distance between any two points in the same CRS. If the points are in the WGS 84 CRS, the function returns the geodesic distance (i.e., the shortest path along the curved surface of the Earth). If the points are in a Cartesian CRS, the function returns the Euclidean distance (i.e., the shortest straight-line distance in a flat, planar space).

point.withinBBox()

point.withinBBox(point :: POINT, lowerLeft :: POINT, upperRight :: POINT) :: BOOLEAN

Returns true if the provided point is within the bounding box defined by the two provided points, lowerLeft and upperRight.

Temporal duration functions

DURATION values of the temporal types can be created manipulated using the following functions:

Function Signature Description

Function	Signature	Description
`duration()`	`duration(input :: ANY) :: DURATION`	Constructs a `DURATION` value.
`duration.between()`	`duration.between(from :: ANY, to :: ANY) :: DURATION`	Computes the `DURATION` between the `from` instant (inclusive) and the `to` instant (exclusive) in logical units.
`duration.inDays()`	`duration.inDays(from :: ANY, to :: ANY) :: DURATION`	Computes the `DURATION` between the `from` instant (inclusive) and the `to` instant (exclusive) in days.
`duration.inMonths()`	`duration.inMonths(from :: ANY, to :: ANY) :: DURATION`	Computes the `DURATION` between the `from` instant (inclusive) and the `to` instant (exclusive) in months.
`duration.inSeconds()`	`duration.inSeconds(from :: ANY, to :: ANY) :: DURATION`	Computes the `DURATION` between the `from` instant (inclusive) and the `to` instant (exclusive) in seconds.

duration()

duration(input :: ANY) :: DURATION

Constructs a DURATION value.

duration.between()

duration.between(from :: ANY, to :: ANY) :: DURATION

Computes the DURATION between the from instant (inclusive) and the to instant (exclusive) in logical units.

duration.inDays()

duration.inDays(from :: ANY, to :: ANY) :: DURATION

Computes the DURATION between the from instant (inclusive) and the to instant (exclusive) in days.

duration.inMonths()

duration.inMonths(from :: ANY, to :: ANY) :: DURATION

Computes the DURATION between the from instant (inclusive) and the to instant (exclusive) in months.

duration.inSeconds()

duration.inSeconds(from :: ANY, to :: ANY) :: DURATION

Computes the DURATION between the from instant (inclusive) and the to instant (exclusive) in seconds.

Temporal instant types functions

Values of the temporal types — DATE, ZONED TIME, LOCAL TIME, ZONED DATETIME, and LOCAL DATETIME — can be created manipulated using the following functions:

Function Signature Description

Function	Signature	Description
`date()`	`date(input = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: DATE`	Creates a `DATE` instant.
`date.realtime()`	`date.realtime(timezone = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: DATE`	Returns the current `DATE` instant using the realtime clock.
`date.statement()`	`date.statement(timezone = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: DATE`	Returns the current `DATE` instant using the statement clock.
`date.transaction()`	`date.transaction(timezone = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: DATE`	Returns the current `DATE` instant using the transaction clock.
`date.truncate()`	`date.truncate(unit :: STRING, input = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY, fields = null :: MAP) :: DATE`	Truncates the given temporal value to a `DATE` instant using the specified unit.
`datetime()`	`datetime(input = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: ZONED DATETIME`	Creates a `ZONED DATETIME` instant.
`datetime.fromepoch()`	`datetime.fromepoch(seconds :: INTEGER \| FLOAT, nanoseconds :: INTEGER \| FLOAT) :: ZONED DATETIME`	Creates a `ZONED DATETIME` given the seconds and nanoseconds since the start of the epoch.
`datetime.fromepochmillis()`	`datetime.fromepochmillis(milliseconds :: INTEGER \| FLOAT) :: ZONED DATETIME`	Creates a `ZONED DATETIME` given the milliseconds since the start of the epoch.
`datetime.realtime()`	`datetime.realtime(timezone = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: ZONED DATETIME`	Returns the current `ZONED DATETIME` instant using the realtime clock.
`datetime.statement()`	`datetime.statement(timezone = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: ZONED DATETIME`	Returns the current `ZONED DATETIME` instant using the statement clock.
`datetime.transaction()`	`datetime.transaction(timezone = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: ZONED DATETIME`	Returns the current `ZONED DATETIME` instant using the transaction clock.
`datetime.truncate()`	`datetime.truncate(unit :: STRING, input = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY, fields = null :: MAP) :: ZONED DATETIME`	Truncates the given temporal value to a `ZONED DATETIME` instant using the specified unit.
`localdatetime()`	`localdatetime(input = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: LOCAL DATETIME`	Creates a `LOCAL DATETIME` instant.
`localdatetime.realtime()`	`localdatetime.realtime(timezone = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: LOCAL DATETIME`	Returns the current `LOCAL DATETIME` instant using the realtime clock.
`localdatetime.statement()`	`localdatetime.statement(timezone = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: LOCAL DATETIME`	Returns the current `LOCAL DATETIME` instant using the statement clock.
`localdatetime.transaction()`	`localdatetime.transaction(timezone = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: LOCAL DATETIME`	Returns the current `LOCAL DATETIME` instant using the transaction clock.
`localdatetime.truncate()`	`localdatetime.truncate(unit :: STRING, input = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY, fields = null :: MAP) :: LOCAL DATETIME`	Truncates the given temporal value to a `LOCAL DATETIME` instant using the specified unit.
`localtime()`	`localtime(input = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: LOCAL TIME`	Creates a `LOCAL TIME` instant.
`localtime.realtime()`	`localtime.realtime(timezone = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: LOCAL TIME`	Returns the current `LOCAL TIME` instant using the realtime clock.
`localtime.statement()`	`localtime.statement(timezone = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: LOCAL TIME`	Returns the current `LOCAL TIME` instant using the statement clock.
`localtime.transaction()`	`localtime.transaction(timezone = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: LOCAL TIME`	Returns the current `LOCAL TIME` instant using the transaction clock.
`localtime.truncate()`	`localtime.truncate(unit :: STRING, input = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY, fields = null :: MAP) :: LOCAL TIME`	Truncates the given temporal value to a `LOCAL TIME` instant using the specified unit.
`time()`	`time(input = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: ZONED TIME`	Creates a `ZONED TIME` instant.
`time.realtime()`	`time.realtime(timezone = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: ZONED TIME`	Returns the current `ZONED TIME` instant using the realtime clock.
`time.statement()`	`time.statement(timezone = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: ZONED TIME`	Returns the current `ZONED TIME` instant using the statement clock.
`time.transaction()`	`time.transaction(timezone = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: ZONED TIME`	Returns the current `ZONED TIME` instant using the transaction clock.
`time.truncate()`	`time.truncate(unit :: STRING, input = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY, fields = null :: MAP) :: ZONED TIME`	Truncates the given temporal value to a `ZONED TIME` instant using the specified unit.

date()

date(input = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: DATE

Creates a DATE instant.

date.realtime()

date.realtime(timezone = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: DATE

Returns the current DATE instant using the realtime clock.

date.statement()

date.statement(timezone = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: DATE

Returns the current DATE instant using the statement clock.

date.transaction()

date.transaction(timezone = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: DATE

Returns the current DATE instant using the transaction clock.

date.truncate()

date.truncate(unit :: STRING, input = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY, fields = null :: MAP) :: DATE

Truncates the given temporal value to a DATE instant using the specified unit.

datetime()

datetime(input = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: ZONED DATETIME

Creates a ZONED DATETIME instant.

datetime.fromepoch()

datetime.fromepoch(seconds :: INTEGER | FLOAT, nanoseconds :: INTEGER | FLOAT) :: ZONED DATETIME

Creates a ZONED DATETIME given the seconds and nanoseconds since the start of the epoch.

datetime.fromepochmillis()

datetime.fromepochmillis(milliseconds :: INTEGER | FLOAT) :: ZONED DATETIME

Creates a ZONED DATETIME given the milliseconds since the start of the epoch.

datetime.realtime()

datetime.realtime(timezone = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: ZONED DATETIME

Returns the current ZONED DATETIME instant using the realtime clock.

datetime.statement()

datetime.statement(timezone = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: ZONED DATETIME

Returns the current ZONED DATETIME instant using the statement clock.

datetime.transaction()

datetime.transaction(timezone = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: ZONED DATETIME

Returns the current ZONED DATETIME instant using the transaction clock.

datetime.truncate()

datetime.truncate(unit :: STRING, input = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY, fields = null :: MAP) :: ZONED DATETIME

Truncates the given temporal value to a ZONED DATETIME instant using the specified unit.

localdatetime()

localdatetime(input = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: LOCAL DATETIME

Creates a LOCAL DATETIME instant.

localdatetime.realtime()

localdatetime.realtime(timezone = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: LOCAL DATETIME

Returns the current LOCAL DATETIME instant using the realtime clock.

localdatetime.statement()

localdatetime.statement(timezone = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: LOCAL DATETIME

Returns the current LOCAL DATETIME instant using the statement clock.

localdatetime.transaction()

localdatetime.transaction(timezone = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: LOCAL DATETIME

Returns the current LOCAL DATETIME instant using the transaction clock.

localdatetime.truncate()

localdatetime.truncate(unit :: STRING, input = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY, fields = null :: MAP) :: LOCAL DATETIME

Truncates the given temporal value to a LOCAL DATETIME instant using the specified unit.

localtime()

localtime(input = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: LOCAL TIME

Creates a LOCAL TIME instant.

localtime.realtime()

localtime.realtime(timezone = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: LOCAL TIME

Returns the current LOCAL TIME instant using the realtime clock.

localtime.statement()

localtime.statement(timezone = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: LOCAL TIME

Returns the current LOCAL TIME instant using the statement clock.

localtime.transaction()

localtime.transaction(timezone = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: LOCAL TIME

Returns the current LOCAL TIME instant using the transaction clock.

localtime.truncate()

localtime.truncate(unit :: STRING, input = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY, fields = null :: MAP) :: LOCAL TIME

Truncates the given temporal value to a LOCAL TIME instant using the specified unit.

time()

time(input = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: ZONED TIME

Creates a ZONED TIME instant.

time.realtime()

time.realtime(timezone = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: ZONED TIME

Returns the current ZONED TIME instant using the realtime clock.

time.statement()

time.statement(timezone = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: ZONED TIME

Returns the current ZONED TIME instant using the statement clock.

time.transaction()

time.transaction(timezone = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY) :: ZONED TIME

Returns the current ZONED TIME instant using the transaction clock.

time.truncate()

time.truncate(unit :: STRING, input = DEFAULT_TEMPORAL_ARGUMENT :: ANY, fields = null :: MAP) :: ZONED TIME

Truncates the given temporal value to a ZONED TIME instant using the specified unit.

User-defined functions

User-defined functions are written in Java, deployed into the database and are called in the same way as any other Cypher function. There are two main types of functions that can be developed and used:

Type	Description	Usage	Developing
Scalar	For each row the function takes parameters and returns a result.	Using UDF	Extending Neo4j (UDF)
Aggregating	Consumes many rows and produces an aggregated result.	Using aggregating UDF	Extending Neo4j (Aggregating UDF)

Type

Description

Usage

Developing

Scalar

For each row the function takes parameters and returns a result.

Using UDF

Extending Neo4j (UDF)

Aggregating

Consumes many rows and produces an aggregated result.

Using aggregating UDF

Extending Neo4j (Aggregating UDF)

Vector functions

Vector functions allow you to compute the similarity scores of vector pairs.

Function Signature Description

Function	Signature	Description
`vector.similarity.cosine()`	`vector.similarity.cosine(a :: LIST<INTEGER \| FLOAT>, b :: LIST<INTEGER \| FLOAT>) :: FLOAT`	Returns a `FLOAT` representing the similarity between the argument vectors based on their cosine.
`vector.similarity.euclidean()`	`vector.similarity.euclidean(a :: LIST<INTEGER \| FLOAT>, b :: LIST<INTEGER \| FLOAT>) :: FLOAT`	Returns a `FLOAT` representing the similarity between the argument vectors based on their Euclidean distance.

vector.similarity.cosine()

vector.similarity.cosine(a :: LIST<INTEGER | FLOAT>, b :: LIST<INTEGER | FLOAT>) :: FLOAT

Returns a FLOAT representing the similarity between the argument vectors based on their cosine.

vector.similarity.euclidean()

vector.similarity.euclidean(a :: LIST<INTEGER | FLOAT>, b :: LIST<INTEGER | FLOAT>) :: FLOAT

Returns a FLOAT representing the similarity between the argument vectors based on their Euclidean distance.